Scabies is a common and annoying skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. These tiny bugs burrow into the upper layers of the skin and lead to symptoms such as severe itching and rashes. It is crucial to recognize the symptoms and make a correct diagnosis so that scabies can be treated effectively and further spread can be prevented. In this article we explain what the symptoms of scabies are and how the condition is diagnosed.
Symptoms of Scabies
The symptoms of scabies usually appear several weeks after a person comes into contact with the mite. The main symptoms are:- Severe itching : Itching is usually the first and most noticeable symptom of scabies. It can be very intense and often occurs at night. The itching is caused by an allergic reaction to the mites, their eggs and feces.
- Skin rash : An itchy skin rash is another common sign of scabies. This rash usually consists of small red bumps and pimples. They can occur anywhere on the body, but are most common in certain areas such as the wrists, elbows, armpits, between the fingers, nipples, penis, waist, belt line and buttocks.
- Skin ulcers and scabs : Scratching the itchy skin can lead to small wounds that develop into skin ulcers. These sores can become infected by bacteria and may require additional medical treatment.
- Burrows on the skin : Sometimes small squiggly lines are visible on the skin, made by the female scabies mite as she moves beneath the skin's surface and lays her eggs. These corridors resemble raised lines and are often seen in folds of skin between the fingers, on the wrists, elbows, knees and on the penis, chest or shoulder blades.
It is important to remember that scabies mites often occur in small numbers, usually only 10-15 mites per infected person. Therefore, the corridors can be difficult to find, and symptoms can vary from person to person. In fact, some people with scabies may not show all the symptoms.
Diagnosis of Scabies
Correct diagnosis is crucial to properly treat scabies and prevent its further spread. Typically, a doctor, such as a dermatologist or general practitioner, will diagnose scabies based on the characteristic symptoms and medical history. These are the steps taken to diagnose scabies:- Physical examination : The doctor will thoroughly examine the patient's skin for signs of scabies, including rash, itching, and any burrows.
- Gathering information : The doctor will ask about the symptoms, their duration and whether other people around you have similar symptoms. This can help identify possible sources of contamination.
- Skin scraping : In some cases, the doctor may perform a skin scraping. This involves removing a small piece of skin and examining it under a microscope to determine the presence of scabies mites, mite feces (scybala) or mite eggs.
- Family screening : If a person has been diagnosed with scabies, the doctor may recommend that other members of the same household, especially those who have had prolonged skin-to-skin contact, also be examined and possibly treated.
Prevention and Treatment
Scabies is easily treated with prescription medications, usually in the form of creams or lotions applied to the skin. These medications kill the mites and their eggs. After treatment, clean clothing and bedding should be used to prevent reinfection.To prevent scabies, avoid prolonged skin-to-skin contact with people who are infected. This is especially true in adults, where scabies is often spread through sexual contact. It is also important not to share personal items, such as clothing, towels, or bedding, with someone who is infected. Regular hand washing and hygiene practices can also help prevent scabies.
Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in the fight against scabies. If you experience symptoms or think you may have scabies, see a healthcare provider immediately for a proper diagnosis and a treatment plan that may include prescription medications. It is also very important to notify close contacts and treat them if necessary to prevent further spread. With the right steps and timely treatment, you can effectively combat scabies and restore your skin and well-being.